Feem ntau hais lus, kev lag luam gases yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam ntau lawm, lub teb chaws tiv thaiv technology thiab tib neeg lub neej. Kev lag luam gases feem ntau xa mus rau oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, acetylene, natural gas, thiab lwm yam. Steelmaking, ironmaking, non-ferrous hlau smelting, chiv ntau lawm, ethylene, propylene, polyvinyl chloride , rayon, hluavtaws fiber ntau, thiab lwm yam yog cov khoom siv feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tseem muaj cov roj hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li cov hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv. Kev tsim khoom, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hluav taws xob, fiber ntau optic, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tu tsiaj, thiab lwm yam kev siv roj av tau tsim. Tom ntej no, cia peb saib ze dua ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev lag luam gases!
Oxygen yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws kev lag luam roj tsim thiab siv, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev lag luam hauv teb chaws thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua combustion-txhawb roj rau hlau vuam, txiav thiab ntau yam combustion li, nrog rau oxidizing roj rau tej yam txheej txheem. High-purity oxygen yog siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua kev pab cuam combustion, nws tseem yog cov roj oxidizing rau kev tsim cov semiconductor integrated circuits. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm high-purity gases hauv kev lag luam no; high-purity oxygen kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb roj raw khoom rau kev tsim cov fibers optical. Oxygen muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, thiab foob pob hluav taws yog siv ntau tshaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov kua oxygen kuj yog dav heev. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kev lag luam sib faib ua kua oxygen hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1999 yog: tshuab 16 feem pua, hlau 14 feem pua, kev kho mob 13 feem pua, electronics 12 feem pua, vuam 10 feem pua, tsheb thauj mus los 10 feem pua, thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam 9 feem pua. , iav 5 feem pua, kev thauj mus los 2 feem pua, ntawv 1 feem pua, chav kuaj 1 feem pua, thiab lwm yam 7 feem pua. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxygen-blowing steelmaking tau dav siv los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws thiab tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau. Oxygen noj ib tuj ntawm steel dov yog 3 ~ 6m3, steel ua, nruam casting slab nplaim taws txiav, nplaim tshem tawm, rauv hauv ob sab phlu nplaim pa oxygen noj ib tuj ntawm hlau yog 11.4 ~ 14.2m3.
Nitrogen yog ib qho roj inert nrog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 78 feem pua hauv huab cua. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, nitrogen tau siv dav hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Nitrogen feem ntau yog siv los ua cov pa tiv thaiv, tshem tawm cov pa roj, cov pa roj, cov roj ziab, thiab lwm yam. Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov kua nitrogen ua lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1999 yog 22 feem pua rau kev lag luam tshuaj, 20 feem pua rau cov khoom noj, 16 feem pua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. , 7 feem pua rau cov tshuab, 6 feem pua rau hlau, 5 feem pua rau roj thiab roj, 4 feem pua rau roj av, 4 feem pua rau kev thauj mus los, 3 feem pua rau cov roj hmab, thiab 3 feem pua rau cov chaw sim. 3 feem pua, kev tsim khoom 2 feem pua, lwm yam 8 feem pua. Nitrogen feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ammonia, los ntawm cov chiv, nitric acid, thiab cov khoom tawg. Ammonia kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau hluavtaws fibers (nylon, acrylic), hluavtaws resins, thiab hluavtaws roj hmab. Vim cov tshuaj inertness ntawm high-purity nitrogen, nws yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug tiv thaiv roj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qee yam khoom los ntawm oxidized los ntawm oxygen thaum raug huab cua, sau cov granary nrog nitrogen tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov nplej los ntawm pwm los yog germinating, thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev. Cov kua ammonia kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov sib sib zog nqus cryogen.
Argon yog cov roj tsawg uas siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Nws yog heev inactive nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tsis hlawv los yog txhawb combustion. Nyob rau hauv dav hlau tsim, shipbuilding, atomic zog kev lag luam thiab machinery kev lag luam, thaum vuam tshwj xeeb hlau xws li txhuas, magnesium, tooj liab thiab nws alloys thiab stainless hlau, argon yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug vuam shielding roj los tiv thaiv welded qhov chaw los ntawm oxidized los yog nitrided. los ntawm huab cua. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm argon yog siv rau hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb: lithium, beryllium, uranium, plutonium, thorium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum thiab lwm yam hlau tsis tshua muaj uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm qhov chaw lag luam rau kev txo qis. Argon tau siv los ua cov pa ambient. Thaum lub sij hawm refining ntawm semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv silicon thiab germanium thiab kev npaj ntawm ib tug crystals, argon kuj yog siv raws li ambient gas los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm crystals. Argon kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem hlau: yog tias argon raug tshuab rau hauv cov hlau molten, cov khoom sib xyaw yog sib xws, cov hlau molten yog purified, thiab impurities xws li hydrogen, oxygen, thiab nitrogen yaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau molten yuav raug tshem tawm los txhim kho cov khoom. zoo ntawm billet. Argon tshuab tuaj yeem tshem tawm lub sijhawm txo, txo lub sijhawm smelting, nce cov zis, txuag hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide muaj ntau yam kev siv, thiab nws qhov kev siv yog thib ob tsuas yog oxygen. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov dej haus carbonated. Raws li tus neeg tua hluav taws tua hluav taws, cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau siv dav hauv kev tua hluav taws pib ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej precision, cov cuab yeej tsim khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide shielded vuam tuaj yeem siv dav hauv kev vuam ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Ammonia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam hluavtaws ammonia, tseem ceeb heev. Lub industrialized zus tau tej cov hluavtaws ammonia muab cov ntaub ntawv raw txaus rau kev tsim ntau yam nitrogen chiv. Ammonia kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim ntau yam amine thiab acyl tebchaw, thiab ntau cov ammonia kuj tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom tawg. Ammonia yog cov tub yees txias nruab nrab uas haum rau cov tub yees loj thiab nruab nrab, thiab nws yog cov tub yees thaum ntxov thiab siv dav tshaj plaws. Ammonia kuj yog cov khoom siv raw rau metallurgy, tshuaj thiab lwm yam lag luam. Nrog rau cov khoom siv roj ntawm hluavtaws ammonia, ntau yam chiv tuaj yeem tsim tau. 1 tuj ntawm ammonia hluavtaws tuaj yeem tsim tau 2-2.2 tons ntawm ammonium nitrate, 3.8-4 tons ntawm ammonium sulfate, thiab 1.5-1.7 tons ntawm urea. Oxygen yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev gasification rau pulverized thee lossis cov roj hnyav, thiab nitrogen koom nrog hauv kev sib xyaw ua cov khoom siv roj thiab ua cov roj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb rau cov cuab yeej (99.99 feem pua cov nitrogen ntshiab yog xav tau rau kev tiv thaiv thee).
